Students usingmanipulatives are engaged in problem solving
situations every day as they explore and discover the essential
underpinnings ofmathematical concepts.
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Students use
3 important strategies
to develop problem solving
andwriteword problems tomatchnumber sentences.
“Evidence indicates
thatmanipulatives can
providevaluable support
for student learningwhen
teachers interact over time
with the students tohelp
thembuild links between
theobject, the symbol, and
themathematical idea
both represent.”
Adding ItUp,
NationalResearchCouncil, 2001
“Studentswho
have studiedwith
manipulatives scored
significantlyhigheron
achievement tests.”
MarkDriscoll,
ResearchwithinReach
11
©MathTeachersPress, Inc.,Reproduction by anymeans is strictly prohibited.
Meaningof Addition
You canwrite a number sentence to help solve a problem.Both sides of the equation
must be equal for the sentence to be true.
TheArtClub ismaking beadswith clay.
They have 3 red blocks of clay and
2 yellow blocks of clay.Howmany
blocks of clay do they have?
The answer in addition
is called the
sum
.
6.
Which expression has
a sum of 12?
_________
A
8 + 4
C
8 4
B
8 – 4
D
8 ÷ 4
7.
Which expression does not
have a sum of 12?
_________
A
5 + 7
C
8+ 4
B
6 + 7
D
6 + 6
Find thenumber thatmakes thenumber sentence true.
1.
6 + 5 =
2.
4 + 9 =
3.
4 +
= 12
4.
The sum of 5 and 2 is
.
___________________
= _______
= _______
5.
The sum of 6 and
is 13.
___________________
= _______
= _______
Write anumber sentence for thewords.Solve.
Solve.
Number sentence:
3 + 2 =
= ____
?
sum
8.
The club has9 jarsof redpaint
and 8 jarsof bluepaint.How
many jarswere there inall?
__________
9.
Samhad 7 art pencils
and 5erasers.Howmany
supplies did hehave in all?
__________
The numbersmust be put
together. This is an addition problem.
We canwrite a number sentence
and draw a square to represent the
unknown number.
You can use a
balance scale as
a picture of an
equation.
?
R
R
R
Y
Y
8
31
11
5
5+2
6+
13
7
7
B
A
17 jars
12supplies
11
Objective14:
To act out additionproblems. Todevelop
understandingof addition as combiningorputting things
together. Todrawpictures andwritenumber sentences. To
assessmasteryof 100basic addition facts.
Materials:
AdditionFacts (Master 7), interlocking cubes
Vocabulary:
addition, plus sign (+), sum
Actingout
anAdditionProblem
Todaywewill lea
erent strategieswe canuse to
decidehow to solvewordproblems.Actingout aproblem
isoneof thebestways tounderstand themeaningof the
operationaddition.
Name two students and ask them to
stand at thewindow.Name three students and ask them to
standby thedoor.Ask the students to come together at the
desk.
Howmany students areat thedesk?
(5)
Ask avolunteer todescribe the action. (Two students
stood at thewindow, three students stoodby thedoor
students came together at thedesk and therewere veof
them.)
What is theaction in thisproblem?
(putting things
together, joining, combining)
Problems that combineor
put things togetherare calledadditionproblems.Weuse
a special sign, theplus sign, to show theoperationof
addition.We canuseabox to represent theunknown
answer.
Writeon theboard:
2+3=
and =5
answer inanadditionproblem is called the sum.
DrawingaPicture
Drawingapicture is anotherproblem-solving strategy.
Ask students todraw apictureof theproblem. In the rst
problem, stick guresmaybedrawnwith a linebetween
thebeginningof theproblem and the end.
Whenyou seeaproblem like this, thinkabout the
problemsweactedout soyouwill understandwhat
additionmeans.
UsingaModel
A third strategy is touseamodel.
Use2 cubes of one color and3 cubes of another color to
demonstrate the joiningof 2 and3.
+
What strategy canweuse todecidehow to
solveawordproblem?Refer toSteps and
Strategiesonpage96of your studentbook.
Read the information together at the topof thepage.
Use cubes towork through the solution.
Workproblems 1, 4, and6with the class.Have students
complete thepageon their own.
Review of Basic Facts
Copies ofMaster 7maybeused to assess student
masteryof the100basic addition facts. If the test is tobe
timed, allow5minutes. Repeat the test periodically,
showing student gains on a line chart.
Making upStories
Have students create their own additionword
problems for simplenumber sentences youwrite
on theboard, e.g., 5+2=7.
Makeupawordproblem
about this sentence.
Write the storyon theboard as it is
told.
Drawapictureof theproblemwrittenon theboard.
Keep thewordproblems for a class le.
Skill Builders 10-8, 14-1
Lesson4, 3ETeacherManual
3.NBT.2
Manipulatives Teach FOR Problem Solving Everyday
